How Low Do You Go?
Clinical Updates in LDL-C Management
Scientific Insights Into LDL-C, PCSK9, and CV RISKS
Familial hypercholesterolemia: screening, diagnosis and management of pediatric and adult patients: clinical guidance from the National Lipid Association Expert Panel on Familial Hypercholesterolemia.
Goldberg AC, et al. J Clin Lipid. 2011;5(3 Suppl):S1-S8
Management of familial hypercholesterolemia: a review of the recommendations from the National Lipid Association Expert Panel on Familial Hypercholesterolemia.
Robinson JG. J Manage Care Pharm. 2013;19(2):139-149.
Understanding Statin Use in America and Gaps in Patient Education (USAGE): an internet-based survey of 10,138 current and former statin users.
Cohen JD, et al. J Clin Lipidol. 2012;6(3):208-215.
An assessment by the Statin Muscle Safety Task Force: 2014 update.
Rosenson RS, et al. J Clin Lipidol. 2014;8(3Suppl):S58-S71.
Anti-PCSK9 antibody effectively lowers cholesterol in patients with statin intolerance: the GAUSS-2 randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 clinical trial of evolocumab.
Stroes E, et al. Am J Cardiol. 2014;63(23):2541-2548.
Monotherapy with the PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab versus ezetimibe in patients with hypercholesterolemia: results of a 24 week, double-blind, randomized Phase 3 trial.
Roth EM, et al. Intern J Cardiol. 2014;176(1):55-61.
Anti-PCSK9 monotherapy for hypercholesterolemia: the MENDEL-2 randomized, controlled phase III clinical trial of evolocumab.
Koren MJ, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(23):2531-2540.
Efficacy and safety of alirocumab in reducing lipids and cardiovascular events.
Robinson JG, et al. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(16):1489-1499.
Efficacy and safety of evolocumab in reducing lipids and cardiovascular events.
Sabatine MS, et al. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(16):1500-1509.
Efficacy and safety of alirocumab vs ezetimibe in statin-intolerant patients, with a statin rechallenge arm: The ODYSSEY ALTERNATIVE randomized trial.
Moriarty PM, et al. J Clin Lipid. 2015;9:758-769.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Evolocumab vs Ezetimibe in Patients With Muscle-Related Statin Intolerance: The GAUSS-3 Randomized Clinical Trial.
Nissen SE, et al. JAMA. 2016;315(15):1580-1590.
ODYSSEY FH I and FH II: 78 week results with alirocumab treatment in 735 patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia.
Kastelein JJP, et al. Euro Heart J. 2015;36(43):2996-3003.
PCSK9 inhibition with evolocumab (AMG 145) in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (RUTHERFORD-2): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Raal FJ, et al. Lancet. 2015;385(9965):331-340.
Inhibition of PCSK9 with evolocumab in homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (TESLA Part B): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Raal FJ, et al. Lancet. 2015;385(9965):341-350.
Alirocumab as Add-On to Atorvastatin Versus Other Lipid Treatment Strategies: ODYSSEY OPTIONS I Randomized Trial.
Bays H, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(8):3140-3148.
Ezetimibe Added to Statin Therapy after Acute Coronary Syndromes.
Cannon CP, et al. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(25):2387-2397.
Achievement of dual low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein targets more frequent with the addition of ezetimibe to simvastatin and associated with better outcomes in IMPROVE-IT.
Bohula EA, et al. Circulation. 2015;132(13):1224-1233.
Safety and efficacy of anti-PCSK9 antibodies: a meta-analysis of 25 randomized, controlled trials.
Zhang XL, et al. BMC Medicine. 2015;13(123):1-18.
Guidelines
2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines.
Stone NJ, et al. Circulation. 2014;129(25 suppl 2):S1-S45.
National Lipid Association Recommendations For Patient-Centered Management Of Dyslipidemia: Part 1-Full Report.
Jacobson TA, et al. J Clin Lipidol. 2015;9(2):129-169.
2016 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on the Role of Non-Statin Therapies for LDL-Cholesterol Lowering in the Management of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk.
Lloyd-Jones DM, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;pii:S0735-1097(16)32398-1.
Patient Resources
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
High cholesterol education materials for patients about high cholesterol.
American Heart Association
Resources on managing hyperlipidemia means controlling cholesterol and triglycerides.
The FH Foundation
A patient-centered nonprofit organization dedicated to education, advocacy, and research on familial hypercholesterolemia (FH).
Clinical Assessment Tools
ASCVD Risk Estimator
A companion tool to the 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk and the 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Adults (Goff DC, et al. JACC. 2014;633(25):2935-2959).
Reynolds Risk Score
A framework for calculating heart and stroke risk for women and men (Ridker PM, et al. JAMA. 2007;297:611-619).
Risk Assessment Tool for Estimating 10-year Risk of Having a Heart Attack
A tool developed based on the Framingham Heart Study (Wilson PW, et al. Circulation. 1998;97(18):1837-1847).
