Suggested Readings

Airway epithelial dynamics in allergy and related chronic inflammatory airway diseases.

Laulajainen-Hongisto A, et al. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020;8:204.

Airway smooth muscle pathophysiology in asthma.

Camoretti-Mercado, Lockey RF. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021;147(6):1983-1995.

An asthma phenotype comprising bronchial wall thickening and mucus plugging confers worse clinical outcomes.

Chan R, Lipworth B. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2023;000:1-5.

Mucus plugs persist in asthma, and changes in mucus plugs associate with changes in airflow over time.

Tang M, et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022;205(9):1036-10452.

Airway-occluding mucus plugs and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Diaz AA, et al. JAMA. 2023;329(21).

Mucus plugs in patients with asthma linked to eosinophilia and airflow obstruction.

Dunican EM, et al. J Clin Invest. 2018;128(3):997–1009.

Use of systemic corticosteroids for reasons other than asthma in subjects with asthma.

Watanabe K, et al. Respiration. 2022;101(2):109-115.

Identification and treatment of T2-low asthma in the era of biologics.

Kyriakopoulos C, et al. ERJ Open Res. 2021;7(2):00309-2020.

Biologic therapies for severe asthma.

Brusselle GG, Koppelman GH. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(2):157-171.

Controversies in allergy: choosing a biologic for patients with severe asthma.

Pavord ID, et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2022;10(2):410-419.

A rational approach to compare and select biologic therapeutics in asthma.

Wang E, Wechsler ME. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2022;128(4):379-389.

Targeting downstream type 2 cytokines or upstream epithelial alarmins for severe asthma.

Chan R, et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2022;10(6):1497-1505.

Comparison between clinical trials and real-world evidence studies on biologics for severe asthma.

Menzella F, et al. J Int Med Res. 2022;50(11):3000605221133689.

Clinical remission with biologic use among US subspecialist-treated patients with severe asthma: results from the CHRONICLE study.

Chipps B, et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022;149(2):AB147.

Tezepelumab reduces mucus plugging in patients with uncontrolled, moderate-to-severe asthma: the phase 2 CASCADE study.

Nordenmark L, et al. Thorax. 2022;77:A32.

Patient Advocacy Organizations and Resources

Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America (AAFA)

AAFA is dedicated to improving the quality of life for people with asthma and allergic diseases through education, advocacy, and research.

American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI)

The ACAAI fosters a culture of collaboration and congeniality in which members work toward the common goals of patient care, education, advocacy, and research.

American Lung Association

The American Lung Association is the leading organization working to save lives by improving lung health and preventing lung disease through education, advocacy, and research.

American Thoracic Society (ATS)

The mission of the ATS is to improve health worldwide by advancing research, clinical care, and public health in respiratory disease, critical illness, and sleep disorders.

CHEST Foundation

The CHEST Foundation creates trusted patient education resources and disease awareness campaigns that empower patients to engage in better managing their health.

Linked Resources

Clinical Practice Guidelines

Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention.

Global Initiative for Asthma, 2023.

Clinical Practice Tools

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Asthma Action Plans

These tools for asthma control were created following the evidence-based guidance published by the National Institutes of Health.

Asthma Control Test (ACT)

This 5-question test evaluates asthma control over the past 4 weeks on a 5-point Likert scale. A score of <20 on the ACT suggests asthma that is uncontrolled.

Nathan RA, et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;113(1):59-65.

Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ)

This 7-question assessment tool measures asthma control over the past 7 days. Six questions are self-administered by the patient and 1 question requires a clinician’s input. Scores range from 1 (totally controlled) to 6 (severely uncontrolled).

Juniper EF, et al. Eur Respir J. 1999;14(4):902-907.

Asthma Therapy Assessment Questionnaire (ATAQ)

This 4-question test assesses asthma control over the past 4 weeks. Each question has a possible score of 0 or 1; if the sum of the 4 question scores is >1, the patient’s asthma may be uncontrolled.

Vollmer WM, et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;160(5 Pt 1):1647-1652.

Asthma Impairment and Risk Questionnaire® (AIRQ)

The AIRQ® is a set of 10 yes or no questions designed to help discuss patients’ asthma control. It is intended for patients 12 years of age or older. The survey asks questions about asthma medicines, asthma symptoms, and asthma attacks.

Related activities
 
0.75 AMA PRA

What’s the Latest in Severe Asthma?

A Monday Morning Joe™ CME Activity

Faculty: Reynold A. Panettieri, Jr, MD; Steve N. Georas, MD
Release: 10/25/2023
Expiration: 10/25/2024